Dr. Sam Waldron and Hyper-Preterism (Part 1)âby Travis Drum
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In February of 2025 Dr. Sam Waldron, President of Covenant Baptist Theological Seminary, released a new book titled, The Doctrine of the Last Things: An Optimistic Amillennial View[1]. Chapter 27 of this work is about everyoneâs favorite new eschatological punching bag, which is obvious as it is titled, Hyper-PreterismâHas Christ Already Come? Upon reading the chapter, one is reminded of the scene in The Lion King where Simba asks Mufasa about the shadowy place, to which he responds, âThatâs beyond our borders. We must never go there.â Dr. Waldron shouldâve applied Mufasaâs advice before he âwent thereâ with full preterism, which will become evident as we move along in this series of response articles.
To be clear, my intention in these articles is not to belittle or diminish the character or person of Dr. Sam Waldron. I believe he is my brother in Christ, and as my brother, I do not wish to harm him in any regard. In my view, he has essentially âhit a ballâ on my side of the court by attacking my position, and what I seek to do here is âhit one backâ in kind. As the reader, please understand that my heart is postured in love for Christ, His Word, and His Church, and my primary hope in this is to continue to advance the eschatological conversation in the direction of His truth.
On the very first page of the book Dr. Waldron argues for the importance of eschatology saying, âThe whole meaning of the redemptive story depends on how the story ends. How the redemptive story ends cannot, then, be unimportant. And this means that eschatology cannot be unimportant or optional for the Christian.â I agree wholeheartedly with this quote. Eschatology matters! While I respect Dr. Waldron as a brother in Christ and appreciate his contributions to theology, I believe his treatment of preterism contains several serious problems. Therefore, in these articles, I want to walk through his arguments and show why the preterist view deserves more thoughtful consideration than he lends.
Poisoning the Well
Dr. Waldron comes out of the gate swinging in chapter 27 by laying the groundwork of why hyper-preterists are outside of the faith. Hyper-preterism is of course, a derogatory term often used for full preterism by its opponents. He argues this about the necessity of the future bodily return of Christ, âThis doctrine is confessed in the major creeds of the church and cannot be rejected without departing from the orthodox faith.ââDr. Sam Waldron. His sole prooftext is Acts 1:11 which is not now, nor has it ever been the âunanswerableâ text for preterism.[2][3] On the very next page we read, âTo understand hyper-preterism, it is helpful to remind ourselves of the identity of preterism. Preterism was originally a method of interpreting the book of Revelation originating within Roman CatholicismâŚMuch of postmillennialism has a strong preterist tendency.â
Itâs worth noting that in this 500+ page volume there are countless footnotes and works cited throughout, but on this particular statement about preterism originating within Roman Catholicism, a single footnote cannot be found. If you read on (121 pages to be exact, but whoâs counting?) you will find that he eventually does cite a single line from one book to support this claim, but why not do it here? Why not âshow your workâ[4] alongside your claim so that the reader can test these things to see if they are true? In any case, itâs interesting that before ever touching an actual preterist argument, Dr. Waldron tries to âpoison the wellâ of preterism by implying first that full preterists are outside of the faith for denying a future bodily return of Christ, and second that they (and partial-preterists) have âunbiblicalâ origins.
A âNon-Hyper Hyper-Preteristâ Source
Finally, on the third page Dr. Waldron makes it to a preterist work he can engage with and he chooses to do so using J. Stuart Russellâs, The Parousia. He writes, âPreterism has come to be promoted in recent years as a system of prophetic interpretation useful in explaining New Testament prophecy in general. That is to say, it tends to find in the events of A.D. 70 or before the fulfillment of most New Testament prophecies. Hyper-preterism, however, finds the fulfillment of all New Testament prophecy in those events. Hyper-preterism is defended in a volume authored by J. Stuart Russell entitled The Parousia.â The work he selected for the basis of his argumentation is interesting for two reasons: first, because in choosing to interact with a theology that according to him has âcome to be promoted in recent yearsâ he opts to use a work that was originally published in 1878. This is the modern-day equivalent to reviewing Tesla by quoting a horse breeder from the 1800s. One would expect that a better choice for a recent full preterist work would be something from Mike Sullivan, Don Preston, or one of their companions; secondly, notice something Russell said in The Parousia speaking on Revelation 20. âWe must completely regard this prediction of the loosing of Satan, and the events which follow, as still future, and therefore unfulfilled.ââJ. Stuart Russell, The Parousia
As a reminder, Dr. Waldronâs own definition of a hyper-preterist is someone who, âfinds the fulfillment of all New Testament prophecy in those eventsâ, meaning the events of A.D. 70. If Russell believed Revelation 20 was yet to be fulfilled (which he clearly did) then he was not, according to Dr. Waldronâs own definition, a hyper-preterist. The question becomes then, why would he write a chapter on hyper-preterism using a work as his foundation that was not, by definition, a hyper-preterist work? A consistent reader is left with no other choice than to question the motives or legitimacy of Dr. Waldronâs research in this regard, and to deem Russell to be a ânon-hyper-hyper-preterist.â
The Foundation
Although Russell was not a hyper-preterist, many preterists would agree with the arguments from his book that Dr. Waldron attempts to refute. On page 381 he lays out what he believes are Russellâs two primary reasons for holding to a preterist view. First, because of the language of imminence in the New Testament regarding the second coming, and secondly, because Russell believed three texts teach that the parousia would occur within the lifetime of the first-century disciples. These three texts have in recent years, come to be known as the âbig threeâ and no, this isnât a generic college football conference.
- Matthew 10:23 But whenever they persecute you in this city, flee to the next; for truly I say to you, you shall not finish going through the cities of Israel, until the Son of Man comes.
- Matthew 16:28 Truly I say to you, there are some of those who are standing here who shall not taste death until they see the Son of Man coming into His kingdom.
- Matthew 24:34 Truly I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place.
Speaking on these three texts, Dr. Waldron writes, âImpressive as these references may seem at first glance, none of them refer to Christâs second coming or parousia as Russell maintains.â He then goes on to lay out his argumentation in reverse order.
Matthew 24:34 & Matthew 10:23
Regarding Matthew 24:34 he writes, âMatthew 24:34 does refer to the then-living generation of Jews, but an examination of the context shows (as John Murray argues, and as we have seen in a previous chapter) that there is a contrast present with verse 36. The words âall these thingsâ is contrasted with âthat day and hourâ of verse 36. âThat day and hourâ is a reference to Christâs second coming. âAll these thingsâ must, therefore, be (as the use of similar phrases throughout the discourse suggests) a reference to the events surrounding the destruction of Jerusalem. It is not the second coming of Christ, but all the things connected with the destruction of Jerusalem that occurs during the lifetime of the generation of Jews living when Christ spoke these words.â To simplify his argument, he essentially holds to what I call the classic âpivotâ view, meaning that some or all of the events leading up to verse 35 are pertinent to Christâs first-century disciples and A.D. 70, but then Jesus pivots in verse 36 to now be speaking of his yet âfar futureâ parousia. Itâs as if Jesus is informing the disciples about events theyâd see, when all of the sudden DJ Casper can be heard singing, âTwo hops this timeâ and Christ jumps ahead two thousand years in his prophetic utterances. In that quote, Dr. Waldron mentions a previous chapter, which is his (and John Murrayâs) commentary on the Olivet Discourse: Chapter 25âTrouble, Triumph, and the Church. In that chapter, he lays out four possible views of the great tribulation and then affirms the pivot argument, writing, âThe fourth view isâfor lack of a better descriptionâJohn Murrayâs view. Murray regards the great tribulation mentioned in the passage as fulfilled, but the coming of Christ mentioned as yet future. He sees these two events as contrasted in the passage. This is the view I hold.â
He continues, âThe preterist view has a similar problem with what appears to be a clear reference to the coming of Christ in glory in verses 29-31âŚFirst, if such language as we have in the Olivet Discourse can be explained so as not to require a second coming of Christ in glory, it seems hard to find any language in the New Testament which would not be capable of such explanation. Hence, the preterist interpretation endangers the orthodox doctrine of the second coming and is in danger of exegetically justifying its evil twin, hyper-preterism.â His comments seem to imply that preterists deny the second coming of Christ, which simply is not true. Preterism may argue with historicism, futurism, and idealism on the timing and nature of the second coming, but it does not in any way deny that Christ would come a second time. Itâs like one group waiting every week for the winning Powerball numbers, and another group knowing they came out a long time ago, as scheduled. Either way, thereâs still a winner and nobody is denying that.
In the next paragraph Dr. Waldron writes, âThe problem with the preterist interpretation is that Jesusâs comments about the end or consummation of this age cannot be adequately explained short of wholesale hyper-preterism. Once again, the preterist interpretation leads directly to hyper-preterism.â Notice the logic embedded in this comment. He essentially starts with the premise that hyper-preterism is unorthodox and evil. In light of this, he draws the conclusion that it cannot be true, so a preterist interpretation is to be rejected. In terms of drawing theological conclusions, his logic is âputting the cart before the horse.â A good expositor does not approach the Bible with his pre-drawn conclusions and then cram them into the text, but rather he lets the text shape his conclusions. This is a classic example of begging the question and eisegesis.
Dr. Waldron works his way through chapter 25 offering his view of the Olivet Discourse, which can be summarized as follows:
- Matthew 24:4-14 describes the events between Christâs first advent and when he will return in glory at some point in our future.
- He writes, âThese verses give an overview of the entire interadvental period (the period between Christâs first and second advents).â
- Matthew 24:15-28 describe events that were fulfilled in A.D. 70.
- He writes, ââŚ15-28 focus on the event of most concern to Jesusâs Jewish disciplesâthe destruction of Jerusalem and the temple.â
- Matthew 24:29-33 describe events that pertained to the first century Jews but are still yet to be completely fulfilled.
- âThese words make clear that âthe tribulation of those daysâ mentioned in Matthew 24:29 include not only the Jewsâ falling by the edge of the sword, but also their being led into captivity, the times of the gentiles, and thus, the entire interadvental period.â
- As previously mentioned, he takes Matthew 24:34 as A.D. 70 but Matthew 24:36 to still be in our future.
To begin to dissect this view, letâs be reminded of a previous quote. âMatthew 24:34 does refer to the then-living generation of Jews, but an examination of the context shows (as John Murray argues, and as we have seen in a previous chapter) that there is a contrast present with verse 36âŚâAll these thingsâ must, therefore, be (as the use of similar phrases throughout the discourse suggests) a reference to the events surrounding the destruction of Jerusalem. It is not the second coming of Christ, but all the things connected with the destruction of Jerusalem that occurs during the lifetime of the generation of Jews living when Christ spoke these words.â (Emphasis mine). Dr. Waldron clearly gives the âthingsâ of verse 34 as having a first-century fulfillment that are directly connected with the destruction of Jerusalem. The question to ask is, what things is Jesus referring to in verse 34?
Leading up to Matthew 24:34, we find the following predictions: false Christs (5), wars and rumors of wars (6), nation against nation, kingdom against kingdom, famines, earthquakes (7), tribulation and death, hated by all nations (9), falling away and betrayal (10), false prophets (11), lawlessness increased (12), endurance to salvation (13), gospel preached throughout the world and the end comes (14), abomination of desolation (15), great tribulation (21), false Christs and false prophets (24), the coming of the Son of Man (27), sun, moon, and stars darkened and heavens shaken (29), the sign of the son of man in heaven, all tribes mourning, Son of Man coming, gathering of the elect (30). Itâs interesting to observe that Dr. Waldron takes verse 15-28 as fulfilled in A.D. 70 but does not believe this is descriptive of Christâs second coming, despite verse 27 being a clear reference to his coming (parousia).
Beyond that, itâs important to ask the question, who is it that would see âall these thingsâ fulfilled in A.D. 70? Is it not the same audience in 15-28 as it is in the rest of the predicted events Dr. Waldron places as future? Between verses 3-24 Jesus uses the word âyouâ approximately 14 times. Markâs version of the discourse leaves no room to wonder.
And as he sat on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew asking him privately. Mark 13:3
If âyouâ is these specific disciples in verses 15-28 (which Dr. Waldron clearly believes), on what basis is it not the same âyouâ in the rest of the discourse that would see âall these thingsâ fulfilled within a generation? In our age of information it takes very little research to find that we have both historical and biblical accounts for all of those things being fulfilled prior to A.D. 70. The disciples did hear of âwars and rumors of warsâ, there were âfalse prophetsâ that arose, and Paul testified using 5 different Greek words (which weâll examine in part 4) that the gospel did in fact go to the âwhole worldâ all within that 40 year period leading up to the destruction of Jerusalem.[5]
Beyond that, Dr. Waldron sees Matthew 10:23 as being fulfilled in A.D. 70 writing, âMy conclusion is that the âcomingâ of Matthew 10:23 is a reference to His sending of judgment upon Jerusalem in A.D. 70 through the Roman armies.â A comparison between Matthew 10 and Mark 13 yields parallel language in many regards. Note the following similarities:
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In Markâs discourse, all of these predictions come prior to verse 14 and the abomination of desolation, which makes them parallel verses to 4-14 of Matthewâs discourse. Both texts even predict death and being hated by all (Mat. 24:9; Mark 13:12-13), and include a promise of endurance to salvation (Mat. 24:13; Mark 13:13). There is no way to divide these accounts into describing different events or time periods. Dr. Waldron believes Matthew 24:4-14 are still future but Matthew 10:23 is A.D. 70. Logic necessitates, however, that if Matthew 10:23 and the events leading up to it (verses 16-22) are A.D. 70, AND Matthew 10:16-23 are parallel texts to Mark 13:1-13, AND Mark 13:1-13 are parallel texts to Matthew 24:4-14, then if one of them is A.D. 70, all of them are A.D. 70. This is hugely problematic for Dr. Waldron by (rightly) giving up Matthew 10:23 to A.D. 70. Why then does Dr. Waldron draw an arbitrary line in Matthew 24 and separate 4-14 as still yet to be fulfilled but 15-28 as being fulfilled in our past? In this writerâs opinion, it is because of verse 14.
And this gospel of the kingdom will be proclaimed throughout the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come. Matthew 24:14
Dr. Waldron knows that the only âendâ in the context of this passage is the end-of-age reference in verse 3. To revisit a previous quote, The problem with the preterist interpretation is that Jesusâs comments about the end or consummation of this age cannot be adequately explained short of wholesale hyper-preterism. Once again, the preterist interpretation leads directly to hyper-preterism.â (Emphasis mine). In other words, unlike many postmillennialists who believe the end of the age was A.D. 70 but the parousia is still in our future, he is consistent enough to know that if you give the end of the age to A.D. 70, that necessitates full preterism. The problem is that rather than adopting the clear teaching of Scripture, he opts out and chooses to be inconsistent so that he can cling to his system. The entire amillennial paradigm is built around the two-age model and if you put the end of the age in A.D. 70, youâve just blown the entire system up.
Conclusion
In closing, weâve examined Dr. Waldronâs preliminary attempts to taint the view of full preterism and his view of the Olivet Discourse. We have shown that the only consistent reading of the discourse (and parallel texts) proves that Matthew 24:4-28 was fulfilled in the events of A.D. 70. In the next installment weâll test a âdirect refutationâ to full preterism he found in Luke 21 and dig a little deeper into his âpivotâ argument from Matthew 24:34 to 36.
[1] Every quote from Dr. Waldron in the remainder of these four articles is from that book.
[2] https://americanvision.org/posts/should-bible-prophecy-always-be-interpreted-literally/
[3] https://www.allthingsfulfilled.com/pdf/inlikemanner.pdf
[4] https://americanvision.org/posts/the-return-of-the-three-questions/
[5] For an in-depth examination of these things, see Gary DeMarâs, Last Days Madness